The link between oral and brain health is a growing topic of interest. In March, Medical Licentiate Olli Patrakka examined in his dissertation in forensic medicine at the University of Tampere, Finland, the role of oral bacteria, particularly viridans group streptococci, in the development of strokes.3,4
Viridans group streptococci are normal microbes in the mouth, but once they enter the bloodstream, they can cause serious diseases such as endocarditis (infection of the heart valves). They can enter the bloodstream through inflamed gums, for example, while brushing teeth.3,4
“These bacteria adhere to the surface of the teeth and initiate the process leading to the formation of dental plaque. Our hypothesis is that a similar phenomenon occurs when bacteria that enter the bloodstream during dental procedures or gum infections migrate into the arterial walls. This may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, and inflammation, contributing to both strokes and coronary artery disease,” Patrakka described.
Poor oral hygiene: A risk factor for stroke that needs more attention
According to Patrakka, dental bacteria can be found in the cerebral blood clots of stroke patients in approximately four out of five cases. This finding has not previously been reported.
Patrakka said, “For the study, cerebral blood clots from stroke patients treated in Tampere, Finland, were collected during acute care. Additionally, samples included endarterectomy tissue from patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.”
Epidemiological studies have shown that poor oral hygiene is an independent risk factor for stroke, and improving hygiene habits may decrease the risk.5
“My research suggests that the connection might be specifically explained by an inflammatory reaction caused by dental bacteria in atherosclerotic plaques,” Patrakka continued.
The findings of the dissertation are significant as they open new possibilities for treating patients who have suffered a stroke. Patrakka speculates that “the development of a vaccine might also be possible.”
What practical implications might the new findings have for the treatment of stroke patients and health-care methods?
Dr. Tommi Pätilä, a heart and transplant surgeon at the New Children’s Hospital in Helsinki, Finland, says, “The study reinforces the view that oral health must be maintained, especially for those at risk of stroke. Inflammation caused by oral streptococcal bacteria should always be considered in stroke prevention as part of regular dental care. It is also crucial to explore the potential benefits of timely antimicrobial treatment or a bacterial vaccine in the future.”
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